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SMC Bill 2025 Explained: Regulatory Reset for SEBI or a Boost to Investor Trust?

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The Union government has unveiled a major overhaul of India’s capital market regulatory framework with the introduction of the Securities Markets Code (SMC) Bill, 2025 in the Lok Sabha. Tabled by Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman, the proposed law seeks to streamline securities regulation, define clearer enforcement boundaries for the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI), and reduce prolonged uncertainty for companies and investors.

The Bill, which will consolidate three existing laws into a single code, has been referred to a parliamentary standing committee for detailed examination. If enacted, it could mark one of the most significant regulatory reforms in India’s financial markets in decades.

One law to replace three

The SMC Bill aims to subsume the Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act, 1956, the SEBI Act, 1992, and the Depositories Act, 1996 into a unified legal framework. According to the government, this consolidation is intended to remove overlaps, improve regulatory clarity, and align India’s capital markets with global best practices.

Eight-year limit on inspections and investigations

One of the most debated provisions of the Bill is the introduction of a statutory time limit on SEBI’s enforcement actions. Under the proposed framework, SEBI will not be permitted to initiate inspections or investigations if the underlying cause of action is more than eight years old at the time of issuing the order.

An exception has been carved out for cases with systemic or widespread market impact, where the regulator may still step in. Market participants say this change could bring long-awaited certainty to legacy transactions that have remained under scrutiny for years.

Time-bound investigations and interim orders

The Bill introduces a structured enforcement timeline aimed at improving efficiency and accountability. Key features include:

  • A mandatory 180-day period for SEBI to complete investigations
  • Written justification required for any delay
  • Extensions subject to approval by a whole-time member of SEBI

Interim orders issued by the regulator will also have a defined lifespan of 180 days. In exceptional circumstances—such as ongoing court proceedings—these orders may be extended, but only up to a maximum of two years.

Relief for long-pending cases

Officials and legal experts suggest that the eight-year cap could provide significant relief to institutions and intermediaries facing prolonged regulatory uncertainty over older matters. By preventing open-ended scrutiny, the provision is expected to improve ease of doing business and enhance confidence in India’s regulatory environment.

Reshaping SEBI’s financial structure

The SMC Bill also proposes changes to how SEBI manages its finances. Under the new framework:

  • SEBI must allocate 25% of its annual surplus to a dedicated reserve fund
  • The reserve will be used exclusively for the regulator’s operational expenses
  • The remaining surplus will be transferred to the Consolidated Fund of India

SEBI’s current general fund is estimated to be in the range of ₹3,000–4,000 crore, making this a significant shift in financial governance.

Ombudsman-led investor grievance redressal

To strengthen investor protection, the Bill introduces an Ombudsman-based grievance redressal mechanism. SEBI will be authorised to appoint one or more of its officers as Ombudsman to handle investor complaints, examine disputes, and facilitate resolution.

This mechanism will operate alongside existing platforms such as SCORES and the Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) system, potentially adding another layer to the grievance-handling process.

Concerns over tribunal workload

Under the proposed structure, investors must first approach the internal grievance redressal system of the concerned entity and wait for 180 days. If unresolved, complaints can be escalated to the Ombudsman within 30 days.

Stakeholders have cautioned that a backlog of unresolved complaints at the SCORES and ODR levels could eventually funnel into the Ombudsman system. If Ombudsman decisions are subsequently challenged before the Securities Appellate Tribunal (SAT), it may significantly increase the tribunal’s caseload.

Does the Bill weaken SEBI?

A central question surrounding the SMC Bill is whether it curtails SEBI’s authority. Regulatory experts largely argue that the Bill does not dilute the regulator’s powers but places them within clearer statutory boundaries. By introducing timelines, defined limits, and structured oversight, the law aims to improve transparency and predictability without compromising SEBI’s ability to act in cases of serious or systemic misconduct.

If passed, the SMC Bill 2025 could reshape India’s capital market regulation by balancing stronger investor protection with greater regulatory certainty—an outcome policymakers hope will deepen trust in the country’s financial markets.

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ATM Error Debits Account Without Cash? RBI Framework Sets Compensation Rules For Failed Transactions

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New Delhi – Many bank customers occasionally face a scenario where their ATM account is debited, but no cash is dispensed. While alarming, Indian banking regulations clearly safeguard account holders, ensuring that deducted amounts are refunded and compensation is provided in case of delays.

Preserve Transaction Details

If an ATM fails to dispense cash, the first step is to retain all transaction details. Customers should keep debit SMS alerts, digital notifications, receipts, ATM slips, and note the exact location, date, and time of the transaction. These details are essential when filing a complaint with the bank.

Report the Issue Promptly

Customers are advised to inform their bank immediately, using mobile banking apps, internet banking portals, customer care helplines, or by visiting the nearest branch. Banking experts recommend filing complaints within 24 to 48 hours to expedite investigations and enable banks to verify transaction logs efficiently.

RBI Guidelines for Failed ATM Transactions

The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) mandates that banks must investigate failed ATM transactions and refund the full debited amount within five working days. Banks verify incidents by reviewing ATM electronic journals, cash reconciliation reports, and transaction logs to confirm whether cash was actually dispensed.

Compensation for Delays

If banks fail to refund within the stipulated timeframe, they are liable to pay compensation to customers. Currently, the penalty stands at ₹100 per day until the amount is credited back. This rule incentivizes banks to promptly resolve ATM-related complaints and prevent undue inconvenience.

Escalating Complaints

Should a bank fail to resolve the issue, customers can escalate complaints through the RBI’s online complaint management system. The regulator reviews cases and ensures compliance with banking norms, offering a structured mechanism for recourse.

Awareness in the Digital Banking Era

Experts emphasize the importance of customer awareness as digital banking and ATM usage expand. Retaining transaction proof, promptly reporting issues, and following proper complaint procedures significantly improve the likelihood of recovering debited funds without hassle.

Being informed about these safeguards ensures that customers remain protected against transaction errors while navigating India’s increasingly digital banking landscape.

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CBI Crackdown: ₹2 Crore Bribery Case, 24-Year Bank Fraud Fugitive Arrested

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New Delhi, March 15, 2026 – India’s premier investigative agency has taken decisive action in two high-profile cases, including a police bribery allegation and the arrest of a long-term bank fraud fugitive.

Police Officer Accused of ₹2 Crore Bribe

The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) registered a case on March 10 against Inspector Deepak Phalswal, who allegedly demanded ₹2 crore from Shubham Mishra to influence the outcome of a complaint lodged with the agency. Mishra stated that Phalswal visited his residence in Mahabali Puram, Bhati Kalan, on January 22, seeking the payment to “settle” the complaint.

Following the case registration, Phalswal was arrested by the CBI’s Anti-Corruption Branch and presented before Special Judge Jyoti Kler at the Rouse Avenue Courts. The officer had been in custody for two days before the court hearing. Phalswal filed a bail application while prosecutors opposed it, with the court scheduling further arguments.

In a related development, a head constable from Sultanpuri Police Station was also arrested for allegedly accepting a ₹20,000 bribe during a police raid. Two other officers are under investigation to determine if additional personnel were involved in the scheme.

Arrest of a Long-Term Bank Fraud Fugitive

Separately, the CBI announced the arrest of Harpal Singh Ahuja, a proclaimed offender in a bank fraud case dating back more than 20 years. Ahuja had evaded law enforcement for approximately 11 years, frequently relocating between Mumbai and Faridabad to avoid capture.

Authorities traced Ahuja to Mumbai and arrested him on March 12 in the Kalyan area. He was produced before the Special Judge of the CBI Court in Ghaziabad and remanded to judicial custody. Officials said the arrest represents a major breakthrough in a long-standing investigation that had remained unresolved while the accused was absconding.

These actions underscore the CBI’s ongoing efforts to combat corruption within law enforcement and resolve longstanding financial crimes.

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CBI Arrests Two Delhi Police Head Constables in Bribery Case

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New Delhi, March 14, 2026 – The Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has apprehended two head constables from Sultanpuri Police Station in Delhi for allegedly demanding and accepting a ₹20,000 bribe, officials confirmed in a press release on March 14.

Complaint Leads to Case Registration

The case was registered on March 13 after the CBI received a complaint alleging that the officers sought an illegal payment in exchange for allowing the complainant to continue online betting activities without interference. The agency described the amount as “illegal gratification,” a term commonly used in corruption investigations involving public officials.

Trap Operation and Arrest

The CBI conducted a trap operation on March 13, catching both officers red-handed while allegedly accepting the bribe. Following the operation, the two head constables were immediately arrested and taken into custody. Their identities were not disclosed in the press release, though they are confirmed to be attached to Sultanpuri Police Station.

Ongoing Investigation and Public Advisory

The agency stated that further investigations are underway to determine the extent of the alleged misconduct and whether additional personnel were involved. The CBI also urged citizens to report any demands for bribes by public officials through official channels or by contacting the agency’s New Delhi office.

“These arrests demonstrate the agency’s continued commitment to curbing corruption and upholding accountability among public servants,” the press release added.

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