Business
Do THC And CBD Offer More Therapeutic Benefits When Combined?
One of the most striking things about the entourage effect is that it reinforces the idea that cannabis has a lot of potential.
The term “entourage effect” is commonly used in cannabis news articles, and it doesn’t mean a group of people who love weed or those who are cannabis enthusiasts. The term is used to describe the synergy between the combination of different chemical combinations in cannabis.
The entourage effect is about the interaction between THC/CBD as well as other terpenes and cannabinoids.
The basic terms
Cannabinoids
Cannabinoids interact with the body’s endocannabinoid system (ECS): a system made up of chemical parts called endocannabinoid and receptors in the body. These endocannabinoids and receptors aid with regulating the different body functions that include appetite, sleep, and pain.
THC is intoxicating. This is the cannabinoid that causes a ‘high” that many users feel after ingesting or inhaling cannabis. But CBD is not intoxicating, which explains why it is gaining a lot of popularity in the medical world. Many patients want to use cannabis for medicinal purposes but don’t want to feel high.

Now the question is: do THC and CBD offer a more extensive range of therapeutic applications? In some cases, they work well together, and you are about to discover why as this is the core of the entourage effect.
Terpenes
One of the things cannabis enthusiasts find exciting with weed is how flavorful it is; the aroma that hits your face and warms you up when you open a cannabis container is just blissful. Do you know what is responsible for the fragrance? Its terpenes!! Good old terpenes.
Terpenes are the aromatic, flavorful compounds found in cannabis and other plants and spices, fruits, and herbs. From a hint of pepper to lavender and even pine terpenes offer a burst of flavors and aromas like no other compound will do.

In cannabis plants, terpenes grow inside the resinous glands of the plant (this is called trichomes). The terpenes use their scents to protect the cannabis plant from predators, as most plant cannabis cannot handle the scent and flavor from the plant.
Terpenes also embody therapeutic properties, which explains why users feel a sense of calm and almost sleepy after taking a cannabis shot. An excellent example of this is the pinene terpenes found in pine trees: it reduces inflammation. The linalool terpenes found in lavender also provide anti-anxiety effects, and these are just examples of the therapeutic value of terpenes.
How the entourage effect works
We know that terpenes and cannabinoids offer particular effects on the human body, but what happens when you mix different cannabinoids or combine terpenes and cannabinoids?
As easy as the question sounds, the answer is not so easy, which means combining CBD and THC doesn’t mix the effects of both compounds. Instead, CBD and THC can interact with each other and other cannabinoids and terpenes to produce a synergy called the entourage effect.
Some people wonder which mixture of terpenes and cannabinoids is best for treating some health conditions. Cannabis had a much slower start because of many years of the stigma it received from societies, which led to prohibitions. These years of stigma delayed the research into the entourage effects.
Therefore, not much is known about cannabinoids and terpenes that will be a good pair and produce excellent results. Recently, some groundbreaking studies provide insight into how the entourage affects both cannabinoids and terpenes. We will consider both chemicals separately.
Entourage effects with terpenes
Dr. Ethan Russo presented a seminal research paper titled Taming THC: Potential cannabis synergy and phytocannabinoid-terpenoid entourage effects.
His paper is critical in understanding the entourage effect, and the summaries from his studies showed the therapeutic effects of cannabinoids and terpenes.

Every terpene is distinct with its chemical composition, with every one of them offering something different. Some cannabis strains also contain various terpenes, making it complicated to know which cannabinoid-terpenes mix will elicit an entourage effect.
For instance, Dr. Russo also argues that the data shows that myrcene is the main sedative terpenoid in cannabis and, when combined with THC, will produce a form of the entourage effect. So if THC, when mixed with myrcene, has some potential for an entourage effect, one can only wonder what other kinds of combinations are possible.
Entourage effects with cannabis
A study into the effectiveness of THC on how it reduces cancer-related pain versus when CBD and THC are combined discovered something interesting. The results show that THC and CBD combination displayed good effectiveness, unlike THC used in isolation.
The results are exciting and promising because they provide additional evidence of how the entourage effect can combine different cannabinoids.
Aside from amplifying the analgesic properties in THC, CBD also produces another very fun cannabinoid entourage effect. The results are shown through how it reduces the psychoactive effects of THC.
The process for how it works is also complex because CBD interacts indirectly with your body’s CB1 receptors in a way that also affects THC’s ability to bind with receptors.

It is also important to remember some examples of the entourage effect when cannabinoid is combined. But most cannabis strains that are selectively bred are made to optimize THC and CBD content. So very little is known about the other cannabinoid (there are more than 118 cannabinoids). Which means there are much more potentials for the study of cannabinoid and terpenes if research continues on a large scale.
Bottom line
One of the most striking things about the entourage effect is that it reinforces the idea that cannabis has a lot of potential. In the future, and as we learn more about the cannabis plant, we will know if it provides additional and impressive benefits for users.
We have discovered the value of CBD and THC separately, but now the world is eager to know, “How much more is there to discover with a combination of CBD and THC?” The question will hopefully drive the extent of future research and test trials that will boost the positive impact of the entourage effect.
People want more and it is evident with the enormous amount of interest vested in cannabis.
Source: https://thefreshtoast.com/cannabis/cannabis-entourage-effect-fact-or-fiction/
Business
Jio’s 1,600-Satellite LEO Constellation Gets Technical Green Light
Reliance Jio has crossed a significant milestone in its space connectivity ambitions after its proposal to deploy a Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellation of around 1,600 satellites received a positive technical assessment from the Indian National Space Promotion and Authorisation Centre (IN-SPACe).
The evaluation, conducted jointly by IN-SPACe, the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the Wireless Planning and Coordination (WPC) wing of the Department of Telecommunications, reportedly concluded that Jio’s proposed system meets the required technical standards and is comparable to leading global satellite broadband networks.
India’s Indigenous LEO Satellite Vision
Under the proposal, Reliance Jio plans to deploy between 1,600 and 1,650 satellites in Low Earth Orbit at an altitude of around 650 kilometres.
The planned constellation is expected to provide high-speed satellite connectivity across India, with approximately 32 satellites visible from any location at a given time. The company aims to roll out the network within the next two to three years, subject to regulatory approvals.
According to industry estimates, the satellite system could deliver 4.5 to 5 terabits per second (Tbps) of total data capacity, making it one of the largest satellite broadband projects proposed in India.
The project is expected to require an investment of $10–15 billion (approximately ₹95,000 crore to ₹1.42 lakh crore), reflecting the scale of infrastructure needed for satellite manufacturing, launches, ground stations, and user terminals.
Regulatory Process Moves Forward
Following the successful technical review, the proposal is expected to move into the next phase of regulatory approvals.
The government may now assist Jio in securing orbital slots, coordinating spectrum usage, and filing applications with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), the global body responsible for managing satellite orbit and frequency allocations.
Obtaining orbital rights remains a critical step, as Low Earth Orbit has become increasingly competitive due to the growing number of satellite broadband projects being planned worldwide.
Officials also indicated that the proposed satellite architecture has been designed to coexist with future Indian LEO constellations, allowing multiple domestic operators to share orbital resources efficiently.
Broadband, Mobile Connectivity, and Strategic Applications
Jio plans to use the satellite network to provide a range of communication services, including satellite broadband, mobile backhaul, enterprise connectivity, and direct-to-device (D2D) satellite communication, particularly in remote and underserved regions where conventional telecom infrastructure is limited.
The company also intends to establish 20 to 22 ground stations across India to support network operations.
Apart from commercial telecommunications, officials have highlighted the project’s potential strategic importance. A domestically developed satellite constellation could strengthen India’s communication infrastructure, reduce dependence on foreign satellite operators, and support national security requirements.
Reports suggest preliminary discussions are underway regarding the possibility of integrating defence-related payloads into some satellites, enabling both civilian and strategic use.
Major Step for India’s Space and Telecom Sectors
Industry analysts view the technical clearance as an important milestone in India’s expanding private space ecosystem. If Jio secures the remaining regulatory approvals and international orbital clearances, the project could become the country’s first large-scale indigenous LEO satellite broadband network.
The initiative also aligns with India’s broader efforts to expand digital connectivity while strengthening its presence in the global satellite communications market.
Business
Alleged Crores Pharma Scam Mastermind Arrested from Surat
After evading law enforcement for nearly 13 years, an accused linked to a large-scale pharmaceutical fraud case has been arrested by Delhi Police from Surat, Gujarat. The suspect is alleged to have orchestrated a series of financial scams involving fake identities, forged documents, and dishonoured cheques used to procure high-value pharmaceutical raw materials.
Authorities say the accused, identified as Himmat Singh Lodha, is believed to have defrauded multiple pharmaceutical companies in Delhi of goods worth approximately ₹98 lakh before disappearing and remaining underground for years.
Fake Business Deals and Dishonoured Cheques Used in Fraud
Investigators claim the accused posed as a legitimate pharmaceutical trader and placed bulk orders for expensive drug ingredients, offering post-dated cheques as payment security.
In one documented case from 2013, he allegedly obtained around 550 kilograms of Gliclazide, a diabetes-related pharmaceutical ingredient, valued at over ₹26 lakh. When suppliers attempted to encash the cheques, they were reportedly returned with the remark “account closed.”
Following the transaction, the accused allegedly vacated his office and rented residence and disappeared without settling payments. He was later declared a proclaimed offender in 2016 after repeatedly failing to appear before court proceedings. Authorities had also issued a reward for information leading to his arrest.
Multiple Identities and Repeated Fraud Pattern
Police investigations further link the accused to another cheating case dating back to 2012, where he allegedly used a fake identity, “Kailash Jain,” to obtain a large consignment of Ambroxol HCL, a pharmaceutical compound used in cough medications. The value of that consignment was estimated at around ₹72 lakh.
Officials believe the accused followed a consistent modus operandi—posing as a credible businessman, securing high-value goods on deferred payment terms, and then disappearing after delivery while shutting down business operations.
Investigators suspect that forged business records, fake company credentials, and fabricated financial histories were used to build trust with suppliers and gain access to expensive raw materials.
Multi-State Surveillance Leads to Arrest in Surat
A special Crime Branch team tracked the accused through coordinated surveillance efforts across multiple cities, including Mumbai, Ahmedabad, and Surat. After nearly a month of technical monitoring and intelligence gathering, officials located and arrested him from a residential area in Surat.
Authorities also revealed that the accused had been involved in property-related activities while staying under the radar to avoid detection.
Growing Threat of Corporate Identity Fraud
The case highlights a rising trend of organised financial fraud targeting industries that rely heavily on trust-based transactions and deferred payments. Experts note that criminals increasingly exploit gaps in corporate verification systems by using fake GST registrations, temporary offices, and forged documentation to appear legitimate.
Cybercrime and financial fraud specialists warn that such schemes are becoming more complex with the widespread availability of digital business tools, making it easier to create convincing but fraudulent corporate identities.
Experts Urge Stronger Due Diligence in High-Value Transactions
Experts, including former IPS officer and cybercrime specialist Prof. Triveni Singh, emphasize the need for stricter verification procedures in commercial dealings. He noted that relying solely on paperwork or digital business profiles can expose companies to significant financial risk.
Authorities and industry experts recommend physical verification of business operations, bank account validation, and detailed background checks before engaging in high-value or deferred-payment transactions—particularly in sectors like pharmaceuticals, where single consignments can involve transactions worth crores.
Business
EU Pressure Builds on Google as Regulators Face Calls for Massive Fine Over Search Practices
A growing coalition of European industry groups is intensifying pressure on regulators to take decisive action against Google over allegations of unfair search practices that could reshape competition rules across the region’s digital economy.
Investigation Under Digital Markets Act Gains Momentum
The case is being examined by the European Commission under the European Union’s landmark Digital Markets Act (DMA), introduced to curb the dominance of major technology platforms and ensure fair competition.
Launched in March 2024, the investigation focuses on whether Google has been prioritising its own services in search results, potentially disadvantaging rival businesses that rely on online visibility to reach customers.
Industry Groups Demand Swift Action
Several prominent European organizations have jointly urged regulators to conclude the probe without further delay. They argue that prolonged investigations allow alleged anti-competitive practices to continue, putting European companies—especially startups—at a disadvantage.
Signatories include the European Publishers Council, the European Magazine Media Association, the European Tech Alliance, and EU Travel Tech.
In a joint statement, these groups warned that delays in enforcement are affecting innovation, profitability, and growth prospects for regional businesses competing in digital markets.
Google Denies Allegations
Google has rejected claims of bias, stating that its search algorithms are designed to deliver the most relevant and useful results to users. The company has also proposed adjustments to address regulatory concerns.
However, critics argue that these changes are insufficient and fail to address the core issue of market dominance.
Potential Billion-Euro Penalties
If found in violation of the DMA, Google could face significant financial penalties. Under EU rules, fines can reach a substantial percentage of a company’s global turnover, potentially amounting to billions of euros.
Regulators may also impose corrective measures requiring changes to business practices, which could have long-term implications for how digital platforms operate in Europe.
Wider Implications for Big Tech
The case highlights ongoing tensions between European regulators and major U.S. technology firms. In recent years, the EU has taken a more aggressive stance in enforcing competition laws, aiming to create a level playing field for local businesses.
A final ruling against Google could set a major precedent, influencing future enforcement actions and shaping the regulatory landscape for global tech companies operating within Europe.
As scrutiny intensifies, the outcome of the investigation is expected to play a critical role in defining the future of digital competition across the European Union.
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