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Study: As Cannabis Reform Spreads, Young People Still Try Tobacco, Alcohol First

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According to a new study, it would appear that alcohol and tobacco are the real gateway drugs.

It goes without saying that spreading reform and adult-use legalization over the past decade is transforming the way we look at cannabis and increasing its accessibility. Throughout this new journey, the opposition has regularly brought up concerns around increased underage access. While many studies have already worked to debunk that more legal cannabis innately means higher use among minors and young adults, a new study looks a bit broader.

Researchers with the University of Oklahoma tracked substance use patterns in a cohort of more than 8,000 young adults (aged 18 to 24 years old) over six years to track what kind of substances young people typically turn to first. Ultimately, the research shows young people typically try alcohol and/or tobacco before they experiment with cannabis.

Study Explores Substance Use Initiation in a New Cannabis Landscape

The study, titled “First use of cannabis compared to first use of alcohol and tobacco: Associations with single and poly-substance use behavior,” was published in the journal Drug and Alcohol Dependence.

Study authors note that nearly 145 million Americans lived in a state with some form of legalized recreational or medical cannabis use in 2022, accounting for 45% of the U.S. population. They also noted that legal cannabis markets may be “particularly relevant” to young adults (18-24) since they have the highest proportion of past-year and past 30-day cannabis use (23.2%) compared to youth (6.3%) and adults over the age of 25 (10.4%).

They note that previous research examining the sequencing of alcohol, tobacco and cannabis initiation in young adults regularly identified alcohol as a catalyst to later substance use. It begs the question, has legal cannabis use changed the pattern?

“No studies to our knowledge have examined whether using cannabis before alcohol and tobacco compared to using cannabis at the same age as alcohol or tobacco confers greater risk of reporting current poly-substance use and other drug use,” authors state.

Researchers used data from Waves 1 through 5 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) study restricted use files, ranging from September 2013 through November 2019. 

Alcohol, Tobacco Use Still Precedes Cannabis Use For Most Young Adults

The results found that few young people (6%) initiated their substance use with cannabis, and those who did were less likely in life to consume alcohol or to report either substance abuse or mental health issues. Among those with exclusive cannabis initiation, the majority were male (62.3%), more than one-third were non-Hispanic white (38.3%) and the majority had at most a high school diploma or GED (65%), while 34.9% had at least some college experience.

They also found that those who initiated cannabis use at the same time they began consuming alcohol and tobacco (22%) were more likely to report use of multiple drugs later in life. 

The study suggests that alcohol is still the most popular substance initiation, with 52% of respondents consuming alcohol before any other controlled substance.

“Alcohol is overwhelmingly tried before either tobacco or cannabis,” authors concluded.

“Cannabis initiation at an earlier age than alcohol and tobacco is uncommon. Those who initiated cannabis before alcohol and tobacco appeared less likely to have a wide constellation of substance use and mental health vulnerabilities compared to those who tried cannabis at the same age as they tried at least one other substance.”

They added, “Finally, the odds of reporting current substance use and poly-substance use were greatest among young adults who initiated cannabis at the same age as alcohol or tobacco.”

Supporting Past Findings and Fighting Against the “Gateway Drug” Stereotype

As researchers noted, the results are consistent with previous studies—it’s simply the most recent, better reflecting the current reality of the expanding cannabis market.

One 2016 study similarly found that alcohol is the first substance consumed by individuals who report polydrug use later in life. Researchers evaluated drug use patterns from a nationally representative sample of 2,835 high school seniors. Not only was alcohol the most common first substance, but researchers said that the earlier one initiates alcohol use, the more likely it is they will engage in future illicit substance use.A number of other studies have attempted to look into the longstanding assertion that cannabis is a “gateway drug,” leading to further substance use, though studies have repeatedly found the claim holds little weight. 

Source: https://hightimes.com/study/study-as-cannabis-reform-spreads-young-people-still-try-tobacco-alcohol-first/

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New Mexico cannabis operator fined, loses license for alleged BioTrack fraud

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New Mexico regulators fined a cannabis operator nearly $300,000 and revoked its license after the company allegedly created fake reports in the state’s traceability software.

The New Mexico Cannabis Control Division (CCD) accused marijuana manufacturer and retailer Golden Roots of 11 violations, according to Albuquerque Business First.

Golden Roots operates the The Cannabis Revolution Dispensary.

The majority of the violations are related to the Albuquerque company’s improper use of BioTrack, which has been New Mexico’s track-and-trace vendor since 2015.

The CCD alleges Golden Roots reported marijuana production only two months after it had received its vertically integrated license, according to Albuquerque Business First.

Because cannabis takes longer than two months to be cultivated, the CCD was suspicious of the report.

After inspecting the company’s premises, the CCD alleged Golden Roots reported cultivation, transportation and sales in BioTrack but wasn’t able to provide officers who inspected the site evidence that the operator was cultivating cannabis.

In April, the CCD revoked Golden Roots’ license and issued a $10,000 fine, according to the news outlet.

The company requested a hearing, which the regulator scheduled for Sept. 1.

At the hearing, the CCD testified that the company’s dried-cannabis weights in BioTrack were suspicious because they didn’t seem to accurately reflect how much weight marijuana loses as it dries.

Company employees also poorly accounted for why they were making adjustments in the system of up to 24 pounds of cannabis, making comments such as “bad” or “mistake” in the software, Albuquerque Business First reported.

Golden Roots was fined $298,972.05 – the amount regulators allege the company made selling products that weren’t properly accounted for in BioTrack.

The CCD has been cracking down on cannabis operators accused of selling products procured from out-of-state or not grown legally:

Golden Roots was the first alleged rulebreaker in New Mexico to be asked to pay a large fine.

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/new-mexico-cannabis-operator-fined-loses-license-for-alleged-biotrack-fraud/

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Marijuana companies suing US attorney general in federal prohibition challenge

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Four marijuana companies, including a multistate operator, have filed a lawsuit against U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland in which they allege the federal MJ prohibition under the Controlled Substances Act is no longer constitutional.

According to the complaint, filed Thursday in U.S. District Court in Massachusetts, retailer Canna Provisions, Treevit delivery service CEO Gyasi Sellers, cultivator Wiseacre Farm and MSO Verano Holdings Corp. are all harmed by “the federal government’s unconstitutional ban on cultivating, manufacturing, distributing, or possessing intrastate marijuana.”

Verano is headquartered in Chicago but has operations in Massachusetts; the other three operators are based in Massachusetts.

The lawsuit seeks a ruling that the “Controlled Substances Act is unconstitutional as applied to the intrastate cultivation, manufacture, possession, and distribution of marijuana pursuant to state law.”

The companies want the case to go before the U.S. Supreme Court.

They hired prominent law firm Boies Schiller Flexner to represent them.

The New York-based firm’s principal is David Boies, whose former clients include Microsoft, former presidential candidate Al Gore and Elizabeth Holmes’ disgraced startup Theranos.

Similar challenges to the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) have failed.

One such challenge led to a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2005.

In Gonzalez vs. Raich, the highest court in the United States ruled in a 6-3 decision that the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution gave Congress the power to outlaw marijuana federally, even though state laws allow the cultivation and sale of cannabis.

In the 18 years since that ruling, 23 states and the District of Columbia have legalized adult-use marijuana and the federal government has allowed a multibillion-dollar cannabis industry to thrive.

Since both Congress and the U.S. Department of Justice, currently headed by Garland, have declined to intervene in state-licensed marijuana markets, the key facts that led to the Supreme Court’s 2005 ruling “no longer apply,” Boies said in a statement Thursday.

“The Supreme Court has since made clear that the federal government lacks the authority to regulate purely intrastate commerce,” Boies said.

“Moreover, the facts on which those precedents are based are no longer true.”

Verano President Darren Weiss said in a statement the company is “prepared to bring this case all the way to the Supreme Court in order to align federal law with how Congress has acted for years.”

While the Biden administration’s push to reschedule marijuana would help solve marijuana operators’ federal tax woes, neither rescheduling nor modest Congressional reforms such as the SAFER Banking Act “solve the fundamental issue,” Weiss added.

“The application of the CSA to lawful state-run cannabis business is an unconstitutional overreach on state sovereignty that has led to decades of harm, failed businesses, lost jobs, and unsafe working conditions.”

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/marijuana-companies-suing-us-attorney-general-to-overturn-federal-prohibition/

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Alabama to make another attempt Dec. 1 to award medical cannabis licenses

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Alabama regulators are targeting Dec. 1 to award the first batch of medical cannabis business licenses after the agency’s first two attempts were scrapped because of scoring errors and litigation.

The first licenses will be awarded to individual cultivators, delivery providers, processors, dispensaries and state testing labs, according to the Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission (AMCC).

Then, on Dec. 12, the AMCC will award licenses for vertically integrated operations, a designation set primarily for multistate operators.

Licenses are expected to be handed out 28 days after they have been awarded, so MMJ production could begin in early January, according to the Alabama Daily News.

That means MMJ products could be available for patients around early March, an AMCC spokesperson told the media outlet.

Regulators initially awarded 21 business licenses in June, only to void them after applicants alleged inconsistencies with how the applications were scored.

Then, in August, the state awarded 24 different licenses – 19 went to June recipients – only to reverse themselves again and scratch those licenses after spurned applicants filed lawsuits.

A state judge dismissed a lawsuit filed by Chicago-based MSO Verano Holdings Corp., but another lawsuit is pending.

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/alabama-plans-to-award-medical-cannabis-licenses-dec-1/

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