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Freezing freshly harvested cannabis retains moisture, terpenes

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As marijuana consumers develop a better understanding and appreciation for terpenes, flavonoids and other chemical compounds found in cannabis flower, live resin products are becoming increasingly popular.

Live resin can be used in many different products, but it mostly appears in vape cartridges, dabbable concentrates and edibles.

The best way to create live resin is from freshly harvested material that still contains moisture, according to Nic Robertson, vice president of operations in Massachusetts for Phoenix-based multistate operator 4Front Ventures.

Moisture is critical to live resin because it helps preserve terpenes, which are “incredibly volatile,” Robertson said. Even in the most optimal drying environments, a significant amount of terpenes will be lost.

But if plant material is frozen right after or soon after it’s harvested, its moisture will be preserved, thereby helping retain terpenes and other desirable chemical compounds.

“No matter what, we are going to lose some terpenes – even if under the most perfect drying conditions,” Robertson said.

“There’s never a higher concentration of terpenes in plant material than that day that you cut it down. If you could do anything to preserve that plant material as long as you can, and to be able to put it into something else, that’s obviously optimal.”

Freezing plant material within minutes after harvest can preserve terpenes and other compounds, resulting in highly flavorful vape cartridges and concentrates.

There are two ways to freeze cannabis.

One is so-called “flash freezing,” which is typically used by outdoor growers who must transport their product to processing facilities that are a couple of hours away or more.

In a flash-freezing scenario, plants are harvested and then put on a conveyor belt that takes them through a flash-freezing machine. They are immediately bagged and put into insulated freezer containers and driven to their destination.

This method also is used for frozen vegetables and frozen pizzas, Robertson said.

More typical among indoor grow facilities is so-called “fresh freezing.” In those cases, plant material is harvested, trimmed and broken down, bagged and then put into a freezer inside the facility, usually within 30 minutes of harvesting.

The harvesting process for fresh-frozen flower is similar to that for cured flower. Plants are cut and fan leaves are trimmed while sugar leaves are retained. Then, the flower is placed into freezer bags and carted to freezers within the facility.

“Once the plant is cut down, everything is about stabilization. You’re trying to get that stuff frozen and ‘live’ because that’s when you’re preserving all those monoterpenes,” said Marco Malatrasi, head cultivator at Fluent Cannabis in Florida.

“Live” is a term the industry has adopted for products made from fresh-frozen cannabis, such as live resin cartridge oils, concentrates and edibles infused with live resin oils.

The word “live” might make it seem as if the cannabis has living organisms as yogurt does, but it really means the flower has been harvested and frozen at peak terpene and resin levels.

In fact, everything else being equal, terpene and resin levels degrade as they go through the drying and curing process. If growers can capture peak terpene and resin levels by freezing flower and then extracting it later, they can get an arguably superior product.

Especially important is keeping “dwell time” – the period a plant spends between being cut and being frozen – to a minimum.

Reducing dwell time requires a strict process and harvesters with trimming expertise. “There is some processing involved; you don’t just throw a whole plant in the freezer. You’re getting these quarter-golf-ball-sized nuggets,” Malatrasi said.

For flash freezing, growers need a freezer environment and a process to feed the product into that room, Malatrasi said. “Time is the enemy when it comes to flash frozen.”

Cultivators advise staff not to overstuff the freezer bags because doing so can result in trichome loss.

Depending on the size of their cultivation facility, some growers will have chest freezers while others will have walk-in freezers.

Whatever the size, a home or restaurant freezer will likely not be cold enough. Instead, growers should invest in pharmaceutical-grade freezers or rig their own freezers to reach 40-70 degrees below Fahrenheit.

These better-quality freezers “will allow that material to freeze quick enough because the moisture doesn’t really have a great opportunity to separate (from the plant),” Robertson explained.

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/freezing-freshly-harvested-cannabis-retains-moisture-and-terpenes/

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New Mexico cannabis operator fined, loses license for alleged BioTrack fraud

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New Mexico regulators fined a cannabis operator nearly $300,000 and revoked its license after the company allegedly created fake reports in the state’s traceability software.

The New Mexico Cannabis Control Division (CCD) accused marijuana manufacturer and retailer Golden Roots of 11 violations, according to Albuquerque Business First.

Golden Roots operates the The Cannabis Revolution Dispensary.

The majority of the violations are related to the Albuquerque company’s improper use of BioTrack, which has been New Mexico’s track-and-trace vendor since 2015.

The CCD alleges Golden Roots reported marijuana production only two months after it had received its vertically integrated license, according to Albuquerque Business First.

Because cannabis takes longer than two months to be cultivated, the CCD was suspicious of the report.

After inspecting the company’s premises, the CCD alleged Golden Roots reported cultivation, transportation and sales in BioTrack but wasn’t able to provide officers who inspected the site evidence that the operator was cultivating cannabis.

In April, the CCD revoked Golden Roots’ license and issued a $10,000 fine, according to the news outlet.

The company requested a hearing, which the regulator scheduled for Sept. 1.

At the hearing, the CCD testified that the company’s dried-cannabis weights in BioTrack were suspicious because they didn’t seem to accurately reflect how much weight marijuana loses as it dries.

Company employees also poorly accounted for why they were making adjustments in the system of up to 24 pounds of cannabis, making comments such as “bad” or “mistake” in the software, Albuquerque Business First reported.

Golden Roots was fined $298,972.05 – the amount regulators allege the company made selling products that weren’t properly accounted for in BioTrack.

The CCD has been cracking down on cannabis operators accused of selling products procured from out-of-state or not grown legally:

Golden Roots was the first alleged rulebreaker in New Mexico to be asked to pay a large fine.

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/new-mexico-cannabis-operator-fined-loses-license-for-alleged-biotrack-fraud/

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Marijuana companies suing US attorney general in federal prohibition challenge

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Four marijuana companies, including a multistate operator, have filed a lawsuit against U.S. Attorney General Merrick Garland in which they allege the federal MJ prohibition under the Controlled Substances Act is no longer constitutional.

According to the complaint, filed Thursday in U.S. District Court in Massachusetts, retailer Canna Provisions, Treevit delivery service CEO Gyasi Sellers, cultivator Wiseacre Farm and MSO Verano Holdings Corp. are all harmed by “the federal government’s unconstitutional ban on cultivating, manufacturing, distributing, or possessing intrastate marijuana.”

Verano is headquartered in Chicago but has operations in Massachusetts; the other three operators are based in Massachusetts.

The lawsuit seeks a ruling that the “Controlled Substances Act is unconstitutional as applied to the intrastate cultivation, manufacture, possession, and distribution of marijuana pursuant to state law.”

The companies want the case to go before the U.S. Supreme Court.

They hired prominent law firm Boies Schiller Flexner to represent them.

The New York-based firm’s principal is David Boies, whose former clients include Microsoft, former presidential candidate Al Gore and Elizabeth Holmes’ disgraced startup Theranos.

Similar challenges to the federal Controlled Substances Act (CSA) have failed.

One such challenge led to a landmark Supreme Court decision in 2005.

In Gonzalez vs. Raich, the highest court in the United States ruled in a 6-3 decision that the commerce clause of the U.S. Constitution gave Congress the power to outlaw marijuana federally, even though state laws allow the cultivation and sale of cannabis.

In the 18 years since that ruling, 23 states and the District of Columbia have legalized adult-use marijuana and the federal government has allowed a multibillion-dollar cannabis industry to thrive.

Since both Congress and the U.S. Department of Justice, currently headed by Garland, have declined to intervene in state-licensed marijuana markets, the key facts that led to the Supreme Court’s 2005 ruling “no longer apply,” Boies said in a statement Thursday.

“The Supreme Court has since made clear that the federal government lacks the authority to regulate purely intrastate commerce,” Boies said.

“Moreover, the facts on which those precedents are based are no longer true.”

Verano President Darren Weiss said in a statement the company is “prepared to bring this case all the way to the Supreme Court in order to align federal law with how Congress has acted for years.”

While the Biden administration’s push to reschedule marijuana would help solve marijuana operators’ federal tax woes, neither rescheduling nor modest Congressional reforms such as the SAFER Banking Act “solve the fundamental issue,” Weiss added.

“The application of the CSA to lawful state-run cannabis business is an unconstitutional overreach on state sovereignty that has led to decades of harm, failed businesses, lost jobs, and unsafe working conditions.”

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/marijuana-companies-suing-us-attorney-general-to-overturn-federal-prohibition/

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Alabama to make another attempt Dec. 1 to award medical cannabis licenses

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Alabama regulators are targeting Dec. 1 to award the first batch of medical cannabis business licenses after the agency’s first two attempts were scrapped because of scoring errors and litigation.

The first licenses will be awarded to individual cultivators, delivery providers, processors, dispensaries and state testing labs, according to the Alabama Medical Cannabis Commission (AMCC).

Then, on Dec. 12, the AMCC will award licenses for vertically integrated operations, a designation set primarily for multistate operators.

Licenses are expected to be handed out 28 days after they have been awarded, so MMJ production could begin in early January, according to the Alabama Daily News.

That means MMJ products could be available for patients around early March, an AMCC spokesperson told the media outlet.

Regulators initially awarded 21 business licenses in June, only to void them after applicants alleged inconsistencies with how the applications were scored.

Then, in August, the state awarded 24 different licenses – 19 went to June recipients – only to reverse themselves again and scratch those licenses after spurned applicants filed lawsuits.

A state judge dismissed a lawsuit filed by Chicago-based MSO Verano Holdings Corp., but another lawsuit is pending.

Source: https://mjbizdaily.com/alabama-plans-to-award-medical-cannabis-licenses-dec-1/

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